南京條約 The Treaty of Nanjing (1842年)
中英雙方於1842年簽訂《南京條約》，將香港島割讓予英國，香港正式接受英國的管治，砵甸乍 (Henry Pottinger) 於1843-44年獲任命出任首屆香港總督。
After signing the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, Hong Kong Island was ceded to
Britain, whose administration in Hong Kong began. Henry Pottinger
governing from 1843 to 1944 came to be the first governor.
中華電力有限公司成立 China light and power company (1901年)
此公司於1901年成立，是一所跨國企業，領導層來自不同的民族，當中重要的成員包括亞美尼人保羅．遮打和猶太人嘉道理。
This company was founded in 1901, and is a cross-national collaborations. Its leadership was held by people of different nationalities, among whom include Paul Chater (Armenian) and Elly Kadooris (Jewish).
海員大罷工 Seamen's strike (1922年)
在1920年代，外籍海員的待遇比華籍的優厚，海員工會遂為海員爭取提高工資，船務公司拒絕妥協，30,000個海員於1922年發起大罷工。
In the 1920s, foreign seamen were far better paid than the Chinese. While the Seamen's Union were striking for better benefits for Chinese, the shipping companies refused to increase the wages. The seamen then went on strike in January 1922.
渥太華會議 Ottawa Imperial Economic Conference (1932年)
1932年，渥太華會議召開，所簽訂的協議旨在通過關稅優惠及免徵關稅來減低貿易障礙。英聯邦國家包括英國及其殖民地的香港都能享有此待遇，因此，香港能以相對較低的售價把貨品出口，加強了競爭力。
In 1932, the Ottawa Imperial Economic Conference was called. Its subsequent agreements aimed at lowering trade barriers by means of preferential tariffs. The Commonwealth countries, including Britain and its colonies, could enjoy such benefits. Therefore, Hong Kong could export its products to Commonwealth countries at a relatively low price, and hence strengthen its competitiveness.
日本侵華 Japanese invasion of China (1941年)
1941年，日本侵華，大量內地難民逃亡到香港，其後日本侵略香港，使很多國內居民回流中國，而在日本佔領香港期間，香港的經濟亦幾乎崩潰，致使香港與內地的貿易大幅減少。
In 1941, the Japanese invasion of China had driven many Chinese entrepreneurs to Hong Kong. The great influx of Chinese also provided labour needed for the growth of industry. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Hong Kong's economy was seriously affected, the volume of trade between Hong Kong and the mainland also sharply dropped.
楊慕琦提出「楊計劃」 Governor Mark Young proposed the Young Plan (1946年)
第二次世界大戰期間，香港被日本佔領，總督楊慕琦(Mark Young)被迫將香港交給日本人管治。戰後，英國人重返香港，接受日本人投降，楊慕琦亦得到復職。復職後，他為了維持英國在香港的管治，遂提出一些改革，稱為「楊計劃」(Young Plan)。但由於建議得不到支持而胎死腹中。
During the Second World War, Hong Kong was occupied by Japan. Governor Mark Young was forced to hand over Hong Kong to Japan. After the war, British returned to Hong Kong for Japan's surrender. Governor Young then resumed his office. He proposed several reform measures to maintain British rule in Hong Kong, known as the Young Plan. However, it was abolished due to unpopularity.
韓戰 Korean War (1950─53年)
韓戰於1950-53年發生，當時中國支持北韓，引起西方的不滿，因為西方國家與北韓敵對，故向中國實施禁運。當時的香港受英國管制，所以同樣需採取這項措施，結果，香港和內地的轉口貿易受到很大的衝擊。
China supported North Korea in the Korean War (1950-53), this aroused
discontent among the western countries as they were on the opposite side.
The western countries then imposed an embargo against China. Hong Kong,
under the administration of Britain, was forced to adopt this policy. As a
result, the entrepot trade between Hong Kong and the mainland greatly
declined.
大家庭 Extended family (1960年前)
養活和維護大家庭乃中國人的傳統文化。自1950年代起，香港開始工業化階段，需要大量的勞力，內地人湧入香港，同時也帶來了大家庭的觀念。
The tradition of raising and maintaining an extended family was the practice
in Hong Kong society. Since the 1950s, Hong Kong started its entry into
industrialization, which required huge labour force. The influx of new
migrants to Hong Kong also brought Hong Kong with the concept of
extended family.
核心家庭 Nuclear family (1960年起)
1960年代期間，人口急劇增長，政府留意到這會帶來社會福利的負擔，於是引進家庭計劃的觀念。另外，由於女子有接受教育及發展事業的機會，加上西方觀念如個人主義、響往自主的影響，出生率下降，核心家庭遂成為流行的家庭模式。
In the 1960s，there was a rapid growth in population. The government was
aware of the burden it caused in the provision of social welfare, thus
introduced the concept of family planning. Moreover, due to their children's
opportunities of education and career development, together with western
concepts like individualism, self determination and low birth rate, nuclear
family became a popular family mode.
六七暴動 Riots of 1966 and 1967 (1967年)
在1966至1967年間，香港爆發暴動，事發的起因是香港天星小輪於1966 年4月宣加價5仙，一名青年發起絕食抗議，引來大批市民圍觀和支持，隨後暴動陸續發生，進一步顯示公眾對政府的不滿。此外，在1967 年 5月，一間塑膠花廠的勞資糾紛演變為罷工，之後引起一連串的暴動，震動香港政府。
Between 1966 and 1967，there were riots in Hong Kong. One of them was
caused by a fare increase by 5 cents of the Star Ferry in April 1966. A man
then started a hunger strike to protest against the fare increase, a large crowd
also came forward to offer support. Later, several riots broke out, which
showed the discontent of the public towards the government. In May 1967, a
labour dispute at an artificial flower factory turned into a strike. It triggered
a series of riots and shocked the Hong Kong government.
實施聯繫匯率 Implementation of the linked exchange rate (1983年)
1983年，香港政府實施聯繫匯率，將港元與美元掛鉤，以1美元兌換 7.8港元，自此以後，港元維持較高的貨幣價值。
In 1983, the linked exchange rate was implemented: US$1 was pegged at a
rate of HK$7.8. Since then, the Hong Kong dollar has been under pressure to
maintaining a higher value.
簽署《中英聯合聲明》Signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration (1984年)
《中英聯合聲明》於1984年由中國和英國政府的首長簽署，它確定中國政府於1997年7月1日收回香港，並恢復行使其主權。
The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed by the Chinese and British ministers in 1984. It confirmed Chinese government to recover its rule over Hong Kong from the 1st July 1997 onwards.
香港聯合交易所成立 Founding of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (1986年)
香港聯合交易所於1986年成立，清楚顯示香港有較佳的融資環境，這方便國內的企業家能到香港為其業務尋找集資的渠道。
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong was founded in 1886. It was a clear indicator that Hong Kong had a better financial setting. When enterprises in the mainland looked for measures to finance their businesses, they naturally turned to Hong Kong.
六四事件及移民潮 June Fourth Incident and the trend of emigration (1989年)
1989年 6月 4日，中國學生對民主改革的要求遭中央政府遏止，引起香港人對香港回歸祖國抱有悲觀的情緒。由1980 年至1990年代中期，估計若有50萬港人移居海外。
On 4 June 1989, Chinese students demanding democratic reforms were suppressed. Hong Kong people were therefore optimistic towards the handover of Hong Kong to the mainland. It was estimated that about half a million Hong Kong people emigrated elsewhere during the period from 1980 to the mid 1990s.
香港加入亞太經濟合作組織 Hong Kong's participation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (1991年)
在1991年，香港成為亞太經濟合作組織的成員，組織旨在透過地區合作，積極參與促進自由和開放貿易。
In 1991, Hong Kong joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, which
takes part in the promotion of free and open trade through regional
cooperation.
香港立法局推行直接選舉 Direct election in the Legislative Council (1995年)
彭定康於1992年來港成為總督後，進一步推行政制改革，於1995年推行立法局全面選舉。立法局60名議員當中，有20名由地方選區直接選舉產生，30名由功能組別間接選舉產生，餘下10名由選舉委員會產生。這是香港選舉歷史的突破，因為政府取消了立法局內的當然官守議席及委任議席，令立法局更具代表性。
After Chris Patten became Governor in 1992, he further implemented political reforms, and full election in the Legislative Council in 1995. Out of the 60 members in the Legco, 20 were directly elected, 30 indirectly elected by the functional constituencies, while 10 from the election committee. This was indeed a breakthrough in Hong Kong's election history, because the government abolished the ex-officio and appointed seats in the Legco, making it more representative.
香港特別行政區成立 Establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (1997年)
1997年7月1日，中國對香港恢復行使主權，香港特別行政區成立。香港不再由英國派來的總督管治，取而代之的是行政長官。在行政長官領導下的政府負責履行《基本法》和其他法律，以及決定政府政策。
On 1st July 1997, China resumed its rule over Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) was established. It was no longer ruled by Governor appointed by the British government but rather the Chief Executive. Under his rule, the government was to enforce the Basic Law and others, and also to make decisions.
亞洲金融風暴 Asian Financial Turmoil (1997年)
1997年，亞洲金融風暴爆發，令香港的經濟遭受重創。經濟泡沫爆破後，香港的經濟需要在調整和重組兩方面作出重大努力。
In 1997, the Asian Financial Turmoil broke out. Hong Kong's economy was severely hit. After the burst of economic boom, Hong Kong's economy needed to pay great effort on adjustment and reorganization.
簽訂《更緊密經貿關係安排》 The signing of CEPA (2003年)
此安排於2003年6月 29日簽訂，目的是促進內地和香港經濟的共同繁榮與發展，並加強雙方的經貿聯繫。內容包括逐步減少或取消雙方之貨物貿易的關稅和非關稅壁壘、逐步實現服務貿易自由化、減少或取消歧視性措施，並促進貿易投資便利化。
CEPA was signed on 29 June 2003. This is to promote the joint economic prosperity and development of the mainland and Hong Kong, as well as to facilitate the further development of economic links between the two sides. The aims are achieved through progressively reducing or eliminating tariffs and non-tariff barrier on trade of goods; achieving liberalization of trade in services through reduction and elimination of all discriminatory measures; and promoting trade and investment facilitation.
自由行 Solo Travel (2003年)
此政策於2003年開始實施，內地居民如想前往香港和澳門，可憑個人身分證、戶口簿，申請辦理《往來港澳通行證》及訪問簽証，簽証有效期為3個月，分1 次及2次往返有效，若申請人每次在港澳地區停留不超過七天，申請次數不受限制。
This policy started in 2003, mainlanders can get an Exit-entry Permit for traveling to and from Hong Kong and Macau and an 'endorsement for individual visit' by their own identity card or household registration book. The endorsement is valid for 3 months and for either single or double-journey. Frequency of application will not be restricted to visitors who stay for not more than 7 days. |
